1. Glass Fiber
Glass fiber is an inorganic non-metallic material with excellent properties, including good insulation, heat and corrosion resistance, and high mechanical strength. However, it is brittle and has poor wear resistance.
When combined with a resin matrix, glass fiber forms composites with good mechanical and electrical insulation properties. These composites are used to make insulating components for instruments, motors, and appliances. They maintain good dielectric properties at high frequencies and allow electromagnetic wave penetration, making them suitable for radar domes. Glass fiber is also used as a reinforcing material in plastics, rubber, gypsum, and cement products. Coating it with organic materials enhances its flexibility, enabling applications in packaging cloth, window screens, wall coverings, protective clothing, and thermal/acoustic insulation materials. Additionally, glass fiber is inexpensive and can be mass-produced.
2. Carbon Fiber
Carbon fiber is a high-strength, high-modulus fiber containing over 90% carbon, known for its superior mechanical properties. It is lightweight, with a strength nine times that of steel, yet only a quarter of steel's weight. Carbon fiber is resistant to acids, alkalis, and high temperatures, and has low electrical resistance, fatigue, and wear resistance. It also absorbs radiation well.
Carbon fiber is used to reinforce structures in industrial and civil buildings, railroads, highways, bridges, tunnels, chimneys, and tower structures. In the railroad industry, it shows promise for large roof systems and soundproof walls. Carbon fiber composites are primarily used in industry and sports equipment like tennis rackets, skis, race cars, and rowing boats. They are also being tested for automotive components such as spring plates and drive shafts. In healthcare, carbon fiber composite medical bed boards have a high X-ray transmission rate, reducing radiation exposure to patients.
